Air_Log: theory//Altitude: FLIGHT_LEVEL_01

Bernoulli vs. Newton: The Lift Paradox

Sortie_Date: 2026-02-18
Pilot: MNR_AERO
Callsign: LIFT-MECHANICS-DEBATE

LIFT_INTEGRATION_PROTOCOLS

In the hangar, we often simplify lift to a single equation. But in the Specter-Hive lab, we recognize that lift isn't a single event—it is a dual-force interaction. The "Great Debate" between Bernoulli’s Principle and Newton’s Third Law is actually a misunderstanding of a unified system.

SYSTEM_OVERVIEW

"Lift is the result of a pressure differential (Bernoulli) and the conservation of momentum (Newton) acting simultaneously. You cannot have one without the other."

Bernoulli’s Pressure Differential

Bernoulli’s principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Because of the curved upper surface (camber) of our Specter wings, the air travels faster over the top.

  • Top Surface: High velocity / Low pressure.
  • Bottom Surface: Low velocity / High pressure.
  • Result: The wing is "sucked" upward.

Newton’s Action-Reaction

Newton’s Third Law focuses on the Downwash. As the wing moves through the air, it is angled (Angle of Attack). The wing forces the air downward.

  • Action: Wing pushes air down.
  • Reaction: Air pushes wing up.
  • Result: Momentum transfer creates upward force.

The Specter-Hive Synthesis

When we design the 800mm Specter, we don't pick a side. If you use Bernoulli to calculate lift, you are measuring the effect of the flow curvature. If you use Newton, you are measuring the result of that flow.

Key Performance Metric: The Kutta Condition

For a wing to work efficiently, the air must leave the trailing edge smoothly. If the air "wraps around" the back, lift collapses. This is why our trailing edges are razor-sharp—to force the flow to satisfy the Kutta condition and maintain the pressure delta.

Tactical Note: At high angles of attack, Newton becomes more dominant (Stall transition), while at high speeds (Cruising), Bernoulli is the more efficient calculation model.