SURFACE_FRICTION_LOG

The Boundary Layer is the microscopic layer of air directly touching the wing's surface. Because air has viscosity, the molecules closest to the wing actually move at the same speed as the wing itself ($v=0$ relative to the surface), while the air further away moves at full flight speed.

FLUID DYNAMICS DATA

LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER

• Structure: Air flows in smooth, parallel sheets.
• Skin Friction: Ultra-low (The "slippery" state).
• Weakness: Has very little energy; air easily "peels off" the wing (Separation), leading to an immediate stall.

TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

• Structure: Air is chaotic and swirling.
• Skin Friction: Higher (Creating more drag on the battery).
• Strength: High energy; air stays "stuck" to the wing even at steep angles, allowing for aggressive maneuvers.